Comparative Review of Vertebrate Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies across Diverse Ecosystems of Maharashtra
Keywords:
Vertebrate Biodiversity, Conservation Strategies, Ecosystem Diversity, Maharashtra, Western GhatsAbstract
Maharashtra, located at the confluence of the Western Ghats, Deccan Plateau, and Konkan Coast, represents a unique biogeographical landscape supporting rich vertebrate biodiversity. This study presents a comparative review of vertebrate diversity across these ecosystems, focusing on mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. The Western Ghats exhibit high species richness and endemism, particularly among amphibians and reptiles, while the Deccan Plateau supports adaptable terrestrial vertebrates in semi-arid conditions. The coastal ecosystems contribute significantly to marine and estuarine fish diversity. Despite this diversity, anthropogenic pressures such as habitat fragmentation, urbanization, and climate change pose substantial threats. The paper critically evaluates existing conservation strategies, including protected areas, community-based initiatives, and policy interventions, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations. It emphasizes the need for ecosystem-specific, integrated conservation approaches to ensure sustainable management of vertebrate biodiversity in Maharashtra.
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