Minimum THD of Bidirectional PFC Rectifier with Vehicle to Grid Application

Abstract

In Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) applications, maintaining high power quality during bidirectional energy transfer is a critical requirement, particularly in terms of minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and achieving near-unity power factor. This paper presents a bidirectional Power Factor Correction (PFC) rectifier integrated with an H-bridge inverter to achieve minimum THD in both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes. The proposed system utilizes an input inductor for current shaping and a DC-link capacitor for voltage stabilization, while the H-bridge inverter enables controlled bidirectional power flow between the electric vehicle battery and the utility grid.

The control strategy is designed to ensure that the input/output current remains sinusoidal and synchronized with the grid voltage, thereby significantly reducing harmonic distortion. Advanced PWM techniques, along with feedback control (such as PI or intelligent controllers), are employed to regulate switching actions and maintain system stability under varying load and grid conditions. The use of the H-bridge inverter enhances waveform quality and provides better control over voltage and current profiles, leading to improved efficiency and reduced switching losses. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed topology achieves a substantial reduction in THD compared to conventional rectifier systems, while maintaining high efficiency and robust dynamic performance. The system also ensures compliance with grid standards, making it suitable for practical V2G implementation. Overall, the integration of a bidirectional PFC rectifier with an H-bridge inverter offers an effective solution for achieving low THD, improved power quality, and reliable energy exchange in next-generation smart grid and electric vehicle applications.