Water Resources and Their Role in Sustainable Development in India

Abstract

India, despite its abundant water resources, faces significant challenges in sustainable water management due to regional imbalances, seasonal variations and inefficient utilization. This study explores the distribution of river systems, groundwater potential and the impact of climate variability on water resources. Key challenges include water scarcity, pollution, over-extraction of groundwater and recurring floods and droughts. To address these issues, the paper advocates strategies such as integrated water resource management, rainwater harvesting, improved irrigation techniques and reforestation. Emphasis is placed on climate-resilient infrastructure and inter-basin water transfers to balance supply and demand. The study underscores the need for innovative, sustainable practices to secure water resources for future generations while mitigating environmental impacts.