Environmental Ethics and Human Obligations Toward Nature

Abstract

Environmental ethics is a philosophical discipline that examines the moral relationship between human beings and the natural environment, emphasizing the ethical responsibilities we hold toward preserving ecological balance. In an era marked by climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and unsustainable exploitation of resources, the need to re-examine human obligations toward nature has become urgent. Moving beyond anthropocentrism, contemporary perspectives such as ecocentrism, deep ecology, ecofeminism, and the land ethic highlight the intrinsic value of all life forms and ecosystems, advocating for a more inclusive ethical framework. Cultural and religious traditions worldwide also reinforce the idea of harmony and stewardship, underscoring humanity’s duty of care toward the natural world. This study seeks to analyze the philosophical foundations of environmental ethics and evaluate the moral obligations that guide human interaction with nature, arguing that ethical responsibility is central to sustainable development and intergenerational justice.