Buddhist Art and the Dharmachakra: Representations of Peace, Compassion, and Enlightenment

Abstract

This study explores the symbolic and artistic significance of the Dharmachakra (Wheel of Dharma) within Buddhist art, examining its role as a profound representation of peace, compassion, and enlightenment. As one of the earliest and most enduring symbols of Buddhism, the Dharmachakra embodies the Buddha’s teachings, with its eight spokes symbolizing the Noble Eightfold Path, its hub denoting moral discipline, and its rim representing mindfulness and meditative concentration. From the historic “Turning of the Wheel of Dharma” at Sarnath to its depictions in Ashokan pillars, stupas, Thangka paintings, and temple architecture across Asia, the Dharmachakra has served as a universal icon of spiritual awakening. Beyond its artistic expression, the symbol communicates the ideals of ethical harmony, compassion for all beings, and the pursuit of liberation. Through this lens, the paper highlights how Buddhist art transforms philosophical concepts into visual forms that inspire reflection, inner peace, and the collective journey toward enlightenment.