The Role of Economic Administration in Promoting Sustainable Development
Keywords:
economic administration, sustainable development, public governance, fiscal policy, SDG Index, environmental regulation.Abstract
In many respects, the emphasis of today's public policy is on sustainable development and reconciling the three key factors of economic growth, social equity and environmental protection in a unified whole. Public institutions, fiscal instruments, regulatory mechanisms and administrative capacities—all part of economic administration—the system by which the state controls economic activity are key to turning abstract concepts like sustainability into tangible results. The study has been conducted by reviewing the theoretical and empirical literature related to Sustainable development and analyzing Secondary data collected from the major international data base for the time range 2018-2025. The study is a descriptive, quantitative research design that is entirely based on secondary sources, such as the Sustainable Development Report/SDG Index, the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) from the World Bank, the statistics from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the OECD's environmental and fiscal databases. The following five indicators are analysed and displayed in tabular and graphical format: Global SDG Index score, Global share of renewable energy in final energy consumption, Government Effectiveness Index, Public expenditure on environmental protection as a percentage of GDP, Regulatory Quality Index. The results suggest that global sustainability performance has not been improving since 2019, arguably due to the COVID-19 crisis and attendant budgetary pressures on the public sector, but that the factors most closely related to economic administration—government effectiveness, environmental expenditure, and regulatory quality—have experienced a modest and consistent recovery and upward trend since 2022, alongside renewed investments in renewable energy and the adoption of green budgeting reforms. It highlights the importance of good economic governance, which is defined as institutional capacity, transparency in fiscal governance, and coherent regulation as a precondition for sustainable development, and suggests policy recommendations to enhance administrative capacity, especially in developing economies.
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