Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrafine Crystalline MgO and ZnO Powders

Abstract

Ultrafine crystalline metal oxide powders, particularly magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO), have attracted significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and wide range of industrial applications. The present study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of MgO and ZnO ultrafine powders, highlighting the influence of synthesis conditions on particle size, crystallinity, and surface features. Controlled chemical routes were employed to obtain homogeneous powders with nanoscale dimensions and high purity. The materials were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm phase formation and crystallite size, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) for morphology, BET surface area analysis for textural properties, and UV–Vis spectroscopy for optical behavior. The results revealed a strong correlation between synthesis parameters and functional properties, emphasizing the role of particle size reduction in enhancing reactivity, stability, and optical characteristics. This research establishes a framework for tailoring MgO and ZnO nanomaterials for catalytic, electronic, and environmental applications.