Detection and Prevention of Black Hole and Wormhole Attacks in MANET Using Optimized Secure Routing Algorithms
Keywords:
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, MANET Security, Black Hole Attack, Wormhole Attack, Secure Routing Algorithm, Intrusion Detection, Trust Management.Abstract
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks have emerged as one of the most important wireless communication technologies because of their ability to establish communication without fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. MANETs consist of mobile wireless nodes that communicate dynamically through multi-hop wireless communication links. These networks are highly suitable for military communication systems, disaster management operations, emergency rescue services, intelligent transportation systems, healthcare monitoring environments, industrial automation applications, and temporary communication infrastructures. The decentralized nature, flexible topology, and self-organizing characteristics of MANETs provide several advantages in dynamic communication environments where conventional communication infrastructure is unavailable or difficult to establish. However, the absence of centralized management and the open wireless communication medium expose MANETs to various security threats and routing vulnerabilities.
Among different security threats affecting MANETs, black hole attacks and wormhole attacks are considered highly destructive because they directly target routing operations and packet forwarding mechanisms. In black hole attacks, malicious nodes advertise false routing information and attract network traffic before intentionally dropping communication packets. Wormhole attacks create unauthorized communication tunnels between malicious nodes and manipulate routing paths by forwarding packets through fake communication links. These attacks significantly reduce Packet Delivery Ratio, communication reliability, throughput, network stability, and Quality of Service while increasing communication delay and routing overhead. Existing routing protocols including AODV, DSR, OLSR, and DSDV often fail to detect and prevent sophisticated routing attacks effectively under dynamic network conditions.
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