Influence of Magnetic Fields on Physical and Chemical Properties of Materials: A Review
Keywords:
Magnetic Field Effects, Material Properties, Magnetism, Chemical Reactions, Magnetic Anisotropy, NanomaterialsAbstract
The influence of magnetic fields on the physical and chemical properties of materials has become an important area of interdisciplinary research in materials science, physics, and chemistry. This review examines how external magnetic fields modify key physical properties such as electrical conductivity, thermal behavior, mechanical strength, and optical characteristics through mechanisms like magnetoresistance, magnetostriction, and magneto-optical effects. It also explores the impact of magnetic fields on chemical properties, including reaction kinetics, equilibrium shifts, and electrochemical processes, particularly through spin dynamics and radical pair interactions. Special attention is given to advanced materials such as nanomaterials, polymers, and biomaterials, where magnetic field effects enable controlled synthesis and functional tuning. The paper further highlights experimental techniques and emerging applications in medicine, energy, and environmental science. Overall, the review underscores the growing significance of magnetic field–material interactions and identifies future research directions for technological innovation.
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