Judicial Activism and Public Interest Litigation in India: A Critical Review of Law and Governance

Abstract

Judicial activism has become a powerful force in shaping India's legal and governance landscape. With tools like Public Interest Litigation (PIL), the judiciary has stepped beyond its traditional role, tackling issues related to social justice, environmental protection, and administrative accountability. This review paper takes a close look at how judicial activism has evolved, its scope, and its impact in India, especially focusing on PIL as a key player in democratic governance. By diving into scholarly literature, landmark rulings, and institutional changes, the study sheds light on both the successes and challenges of judicial intervention. While judicial activism has improved access to justice and safeguarded fundamental rights, it has also sparked debates about judicial overreach and the separation of powers. The paper wraps up by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to uphold the integrity of democratic institutions while ensuring justice and accountability.