Diversity of Golden Mahseer: A Morphometric and Genetic Review
Keywords:
Tor putitora, Mahseer, morphometric variation, meristic traits, RAPD, genetic diversity, population structure, conservationAbstract
One of the freshwater fishes with the highest ecological value in India is the Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora), which is well known for its cultural significance and sensitivity to environmental changes. The species is rapidly declining despite its importance because of overexploitation, hydrological changes, habitat degradation, and genetic erosion. Conservation and fisheries management depend on an understanding of its genetic and phenotypic diversity. To assess the degree of diversity in T. putitora, this review summarizes previous research, including morphometric, meristic, and RAPD-based studies. Significant eco-morphological variation caused by habitat gradients, substrate type, and hydrodynamic conditions is revealed by morphometric analyses. The relative stability of meristic traits highlights their taxonomic dependability. High polymorphism and unique genetic structuring among riverine populations are revealed by RAPD studies, indicating limited gene flow and potential evolutionary divergence. The combination of genetic and phenotypic data emphasizes the necessity of population-specific conservation tactics. This review concludes that in order to guarantee the long-term sustainability of Golden Mahseer populations, multidisciplinary approaches combining morphology, ecology, and molecular genetics are crucial.
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