Mental Health and Social Stigma: A Sociological Study of Awareness, Support Systems, and Policy Gaps in India

Abstract

The study examines the complex interplay between mental health awareness, social attitudes, and institutional frameworks within the state. Using a mixed-method sociological approach involving 400 respondents from urban, semi-urban, and rural areas, the study analyzes levels of awareness, stigma patterns, accessibility to mental health services, and the effectiveness of policy implementation. The findings reveal that while general awareness about mental health is moderate, understanding of government policies and available programs remains limited. Deep-rooted stigma, shaped by traditional and patriarchal beliefs, continues to marginalize individuals suffering from mental illnesses. Families emerge as the primary support systems, whereas community and institutional structures remain weak. Accessibility, affordability, and shortage of trained professionals act as major barriers to mental health care, particularly in rural Madhya Pradesh. The study concludes that mental health is not solely a medical issue but a socio-cultural construct shaped by education, gender, and geography. It recommends community-based awareness programs, integration of mental health into primary healthcare, and strengthened policy implementation to reduce stigma and improve mental well-being.