Adoption and Economic Analysis of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaics: A Consumer-Centric Approach

Abstract

The rapid growth in energy demand has made renewable energy adoption a necessity for sustainable development. This study examines the adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems among private property owners in India, focusing on consumer perceptions, technological innovations and economic feasibility. It highlights benefits such as environmental sustainability, bill savings and enhanced energy awareness, while also identifying barriers like high costs, perceived risks and lack of workforce reliability. Using a consumer-driven model, the study evaluates savings and utility benefits across different PV capacity ranges (1–4 kW, 4–6 kW and 6–9 kW) for two Indian utilities—MSEDCL and Tata Power. Results indicate that larger PV capacities yield greater savings and utility benefits, with optimal feed-in tariff (FiT) rates enhancing profitability. The study emphasizes the importance of policy support, awareness programs and technological advancements to accelerate solar adoption and ensure long-term energy sustainability.