“Cybersecurity Landscape and Threat Mitigation Strategies: An Analytical Study of India’s Cyber Threat Environment (2020–2021)”

Abstract

Cybersecurity is a critical concern in the digital age, where businesses, governments and individuals rely heavily on technology for communication, transactions and data storage. The increasing sophistication of cyberattacks has heightened the urgency of implementing robust security measures to safeguard information and digital infrastructures. This paper explores the core domains of cybersecurity, including application security, information security, email security, mobile device security and web security, along with the growing prevalence of threats such as malware, phishing, man-in-the-middle attacks, cryptojacking, denial-of-service (DoS/DDoS) attacks and SQL injection. The research examines India’s cybersecurity landscape by analyzing incidents reported in 2020 and 2021, revealing a significant rise in cyber threats across financial frauds, ransomware, data breaches and denial-of-service attacks. The study evaluates the effectiveness of cybersecurity techniques such as vulnerability scanning, penetration testing, risk assessment and incident response. Statistical analysis highlights both the progress and shortcomings in current security practices. Findings indicate that while organizations are increasingly adopting advanced methods, many still rely on outdated systems that fail to combat emerging, complex threats. The paper concludes that strengthening cybersecurity in India requires not only advanced technological adoption but also continuous workforce training, inter-organizational collaboration and government policy support.