Rules and Applications of Significant Digits in Arithmetic Operations

Abstract

The precision of numerical data plays a critical role in ensuring accurate measurements and reliable results in science, engineering, finance and daily life. Significant digits, also known as significant figures, represent the digits in a number that convey its certainty and accuracy. This paper explains the fundamental principles and rules for handling significant digits during arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It highlights the importance of rounding rules, error propagation and clarity in communication. Practical examples are presented to illustrate the treatment of trailing zeros, scientific notation and mixed operations, addressing common challenges encountered in reporting. By adhering to these guidelines, professionals can enhance the reliability, consistency and transparency of numerical data, leading to better decision-making and effective communication across diverse fields.