India-China Standoff in Doklam: Geopolitical Significance, Historical Context and Future Implications

Abstract

The India-China standoff in the Doklam region during mid-2017 was one of the most significant confrontations between the two Asian powers since the 1962 war. Located at the tri-junction of India, Bhutan and China, Doklam holds immense geopolitical and strategic importance, particularly for India’s security and access to its northeastern states. This paper analyzes the historical, geographical and political dimensions of the Doklam dispute, its impact on India-China relations and the implications for regional stability. The study traces the evolution of the border dispute, the cultural and strategic dynamics influencing the two nations and the key events leading to the 73-day standoff. It further examines the consequences on bilateral trade, diplomacy and regional alliances, as well as India’s support for Bhutan based on historical treaties and strategic interests. Finally, the paper discusses the lessons learned and the potential pathways for future engagement and conflict management between the two powers.