Cross-Layer Optimization and Cluster-Based Multipath Routing for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Abstract

 Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) have emerged as a specialized class of wireless sensor networks capable of capturing, processing and transmitting multimedia data such as audio, video and images. The integration of CMOS cameras, microphones and advanced signal processing techniques has expanded the scope of WMSNs across diverse applications including environmental monitoring, healthcare and industrial automation. However, stringent requirements such as high bandwidth, low latency, efficient energy use and robust Quality of Service (QoS) present significant challenges. This paper presents a detailed study of WMSN design issues and proposes a Cluster-Based Multipath Routing Protocol (CMRP) with a cross-layer optimization framework. The protocol leverages RSSI, SNR, BER and hop count metrics to select optimal paths and utilizes local repair mechanisms to enhance reliability. The work also highlights energy-aware strategies, congestion management and QoS provisioning. Simulation studies using NS-2 compare CMRP and CMRP+2-level scheduling with other protocols such as MCRA and DHCT. Results indicate improved end-to-end latency (62 ms), higher packet delivery ratio (up to 86%) and better throughput (98 packets/sec) with acceptable energy consumption, confirming the efficiency and adaptability of the proposed approach.