The Foundational Teachings and Ethical Principles of Jainism

Abstract

Jainism, one of the oldest living religions of India, offers a unique spiritual and philosophical outlook centered on non-violence, truth, and the liberation of the soul. Distinguished by its emphasis on ascetic discipline and ethical conduct, Jainism presents a path of spiritual purification that is rooted in self-control, compassion, and detachment from material desires. The foundational teachings of Jainism revolve around the concepts of Ahimsa (non-violence), Anekantavada (non-absolutism), and Syadvada (the doctrine of conditional predication), which together form a framework for understanding truth, morality, and coexistence. Ethical principles, including the Five Great Vows (non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-possession), provide a practical guide for both ascetics and laypersons to cultivate inner harmony and spiritual progress.

This paper explores the philosophical underpinnings and ethical principles of Jainism, analyzing their relevance in both historical and contemporary contexts. It examines how Jain teachings shape daily conduct, social harmony, and ecological awareness, while also highlighting their contribution to interfaith dialogue and global peace. By focusing on the foundational aspects of Jain thought and practice, the paper emphasizes Jainism’s enduring significance as a tradition that advocates for spiritual liberation through self-discipline, compassion, and ethical living.