International Journal of Engineering Science & Humanities
Title: International Journal of Engineering, Science & Humanities ISSN: 2250-3552 (Online) Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues) Publisher: Publication and Advance Research Welfare Society Publication Place: Hisar, Haryana Publisher Email: ijeshjournal@gmail.com Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Anjali Khokhar Copyright: Remain Journal Starting Year: 2011 Main Subject: Multidisciplinary Language: English,Hindi Publication Format: Online (Open Access) Website: https://www.ijesh.com Impact Factor: 8.3
Publication and Advance Research Welfare Society
Aggression And Personality Traits as Predictors of Performance Behaviour In Elite Indian Male Cricketers
Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: The concept and its measurement. In I. M. Cockerill (Ed.), Solutions in sport psychology (pp. 32–45). Thomson Learning. Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103482 Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21(2), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.21.2.243 Kais, K., & Raudsepp, L. (2005). Intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety, self-confidence and athletic performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 101(2), 533–540. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.2.533-540 Mahoney, M. J., Gabriel, T. J., & Perkins, T. S. (1987). Psychological skills and exceptional athletic performance. The Sport Psychologist, 1(3), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.1.3.181 Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., & Levy, A. R. (2010). Coping self-efficacy, pre-competitive anxiety, and subjective performance among athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(2), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903271592 Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Consulting Psychologists Press. Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (6th ed.). Human Kinetics. Allen, M. S., Greenlees, I., & Jones, M. (2013). Personality traits, coping, and competitive anxiety in sport. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(8), 1043–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.019 Singh, A., & Shukla, P. (2015). Aggression and anxiety among inter-university level cricketers. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 2(2), 150–153.
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छत्तीसगढ़ के नारायणपुर जिले में अबूझमाड़िया जनजाती की सामाजिक-आर्थिक संरचना का भौगोलिक अध्ययन
प्रस्तुत अध्ययन छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य के नारायणपुर जिले में निवासरत अबूझमाड़िया जनजाति की सामाजिक-आर्थिक संरचना का भौगोलिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। यह जनजाति अबूझमाड़ क्षेत्र के दुर्गम, सघन वन एवं पर्वतीय भौगोलिक परिवेश में निवास करती है तथा परंपरागत रूप से निर्वाहकारी अर्थव्यवस्था पर आधारित जीवन-यापन करती है। अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देष्य अबूझमाड़िया जनजाति की सामाजिक संरचना, परिवार व्यवस्था, आजीविका के साधन, कृषि पद्धतियां, वनोपज संग्रहण, भोजन-पेय, धार्मिक विश्वास, पर्व-त्योहार तथा आर्थिक गतिविधियों का समुचित मूल्यांकन करना है।अध्ययन में वर्णनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धति का प्रयोग किया गया है, जिसमें द्वितीयक स्रोतों के साथ-साथ क्षेत्रीय सर्वेक्षणों से प्राप्त तथ्यों का उपयोग किया गया है। निष्कषों से स्पष्ट होता है कि अबूझमाड़िया जनजाति की सामाजिक-आर्थिक संरचना पूर्णतः भौगोलिक परिस्थितियों से प्रभावित है। हाल के वर्षों में षिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, आवास एवं आधारभूत सुविधाओं के विस्तार से इनका जीवन-स्तर धीरे-धीरे परिवर्तन की ओर अग्रसर हुआ है, किन्तु मुख्य धारा से सामाजिक-आर्थिक सम्योगन की प्रक्रिया अभी भी धीमी है। यह अध्ययन जनजातिय विकास, क्षेत्रीय योजना एवं समावषेशी विकास नीतियों के लिए उपयोगी सिद्ध हो सकता है।
Implementing Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to Promote Accessible and Inclusive Education
Universal​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌ Design for Learning (UDL) refers to a comprehensive framework, the main goal of which is to open education to every student and create a truly inclusive educational setting and this in spite of their different needs and abilities. In fact UDL base its idea on the educators designing the educational materials and ways of instruction originally with a view to their being flexible and inclusive. UDL is not oriented to accommodate students with disabilities or special needs as an afterthought, but rather, it urges to take a look at the overall picture and develop a plan that would meet the needs of the types of students in the classroom. To this end, students' preferences and needs are considered as highly variable and through offering various means of representation, engagement, and expression the educational goals are attained. Through such a measure UDL wants to get rid of the obstacles to learning, to create a fair learning environment, and to amplify the chances of all students for academic success. This puts forward the fact that the curriculum and instructional design should be the ones responsible for accessibility and inclusibility rather than the students being demanded to adjust themselves. UDL is a comprehensive system that only does not help the disabled to have access to education but all other students' learning experience is improved, too, thus, more and more inclusive and diverse educational settings are being ​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‍‌created.
Perceived Impact of Social Media among School Students
Teenagers' lives have undergone significant change as a result of the widespread use of social media, which has both expanded their social networks and presented them with new difficulties. The purpose of this study was to give a descriptive account of how schoolchildren in Rewari, India, saw the effects of social media on important facets of their lives. The study used a convenience sampling technique and a descriptive research design to survey 100 schoolchildren using the "Perceived Impact of Social Media Scale (PISMSS)," a self-administered questionnaire. Self-reported social media use and perceived effects on academic attention, sleep habits, in-person interactions, perceptions of one's body, and leisure activities were assessed by the PISMSS. A considerable majority of students (51%) spent more than three hours a day on social media, according to data analysis done with descriptive statistics and Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient. The correlation analysis revealed persistent weak to strong positive associations between increased social media usage and perceived negative impacts, despite the fact that students' self-reported views of impact were generally neutral across the categories. In particular, there was a weak to moderate correlation between increased social media use and experiencing distraction from academic tasks (ρ≈0.31), staying up late (ρ≈0.35), missing out on real-life moments (ρ≈0.30), feeling less satisfied with one's natural appearance (ρ≈0.28), and interfering with physical activities (ρ≈0.33). The apparent relationship hypothesis of the investigation was not disproved. To support teenage well-being in a hyperconnected environment, the findings highlight the need for focused interventions to foster healthy digital behaviors, such as media literacy instruction, "digital detox" periods, and the promotion of non-screen-based activities.
Optimization of Construction Project Scheduling using Metaheuristic Algorithms
A new approach for resource scheduling using genetic algorithms (GAs) is presented here. The methodology depend on any set of heuristic rules. Instead, its strength lies in the selection and recombination tasks of the GA to learn the domain of the specific project network. By this it is able to evolve improved schedules with respect to the objective function. Further, the model is general enough to encompass both resource leveling and limited resource allocation problems unlike existing methods, which are class-dependent. In this paper, the design and mechanisms of the model are described. Case studies with standard test problems are presented to demonstrate the performance of the GA-scheduler when compared against heuristic methods under various resource availability profiles. Results obtained with the proposed model indicate an exponential batter result in the computational time required for larger problems.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Engineering Science & Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Partition, Refugee Rehabilitation, and Waqf Properties: Legal Conflicts in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh (1947–1965)
The Partition of India in 1947 triggered not only mass displacement and communal violence but also a profound reconfiguration of property relations in North India. While refugee rehabilitation has been widely examined as a humanitarian and administrative challenge, its implications for minority religious institutions—particularly Waqf properties—remain insufficiently explored. This article examines the legal conflicts surrounding Waqf properties in post-Partition Delhi and Uttar Pradesh, focusing on the intersection of refugee rehabilitation policies, evacuee property laws, and minority property rights between 1947 and the mid-1960s. Drawing upon legal statutes, administrative practices, and judicial interpretations, the study argues that Waqf properties occupied an ambiguous legal position in the immediate aftermath of Partition. Although Waqf assets were legally inalienable charitable endowments under Islamic law, they were frequently treated as abandoned or evacuee property by state authorities responding to the urgent demands of refugee settlement. The establishment of the Custodian of Evacuee Property and the expansion of executive powers resulted in the temporary—and often permanent—appropriation of Waqf lands and buildings for housing, commercial use, and state infrastructure. Through a comparative regional analysis, the article demonstrates that urban redevelopment pressures in Delhi and agrarian reforms in Uttar Pradesh produced distinct yet convergent patterns of dispossession and legal contestation. Judicial interventions, while occasionally reaffirming the special status of Waqf, largely failed to prevent administrative encroachment, revealing the limits of legal redress for minority institutions in a period of emergency governance. The article contends that the treatment of Waqf properties reflects a broader postcolonial dilemma: the subordination of religious trust law and minority rights to the imperatives of nation-building and rehabilitation. By foregrounding institutional property disputes, this study contributes to Partition historiography and legal history by highlighting how humanitarian crises can produce enduring transformations in legal norms and minority-state relations in independent India.
The Dynamics of Feminine Identity in the Context of Cultural Displacement: A Study of Jhumpa Lahiri
The complexities of feminine identity in diasporic literature have long fascinated postcolonial and feminist scholars. Jhumpa Lahiri, a prominent voice in contemporary South Asian diaspora writing, portrays immigrant women who navigate a liminal space between tradition and modernity, home and exile, belonging and alienation. This paper explores the dynamics of feminine identity in Lahiri’s fiction, emphasizing how displacement reshapes women’s selfhood, relationships, and sense of cultural belonging. Drawing upon feminist postcolonial theory particularly the concepts of hybridity (Homi Bhabha), cultural identity (Stuart Hall), and transnational feminism (Chandra Talpade Mohanty) the study examines the struggles and adaptations of Lahiri’s female characters in The Namesake (2003), Interpreter of Maladies (1999), and Unaccustomed Earth (2008). The paper argues that Lahiri reconfigures diasporic womanhood as a dynamic process of negotiation, where identity is neither fixed nor lost but continually redefined through memory, language, and experience. By analyzing the intersections of gender, culture, and displacement, this research positions Lahiri’s women not as passive victims of migration but as active agents reconstructing the meaning of home and selfhood within transnational contexts.
Effectiveness of Structured Social Skills Training on Social Interaction, Communication, and Social Participation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show notable impairments in their social interaction skills because of their inability to communicate properly. In the present study, the researcher used the quasi-methodological approach for evaluating the efficacy of the social skills training intervention on the social interaction skills of children suffering from ASD. Grouping the children suffering from the disorder and their caretakers into different groups has provided the researcher the scope for conducting an efficient study on the subject under consideration. In the present study, 100 children suffering from ASD and belonging to the aged group of 3-6 years were randomly assigned equally to both the intervention group and the control group. For the children suffering from the disorder who formed the intervention group, the researcher used the structurally prepared social skills training combined with play activities and the involvement of the caretakers for the children during the study intervention for the period of six months. Similarly, the children suffering from the disorder who formed the control group underwent the regular therapy during the same period for the intervention group of the study. The outcomes were also measured through standardized observational checklists before and after intervention. The results showed that children in the intervention group showed significant improvement in social interaction, communication skills, skill application in a natural environment, and social participation compared to those in the control group (p < 0.001). Children in the intervention also showed a marked improvement in pre-post scores in social interaction skills and communication skills as part of the SST. The results show that SST, as a specific intervention, is a useful method of enhancing functional outcomes in children diagnosed with ASD, thus encouraging a better sense of inclusion in society.
An Exploration of Teaching Strategies That Promote Problem-Solving and Higher-Order Thinking Skills
The growing emphasis on complex reasoning, analytical capacity, and intellectual adaptability within contemporary education systems has heightened the need for teaching strategies that explicitly cultivate problem-solving and higher-order thinking skills among students across learning levels and disciplinary boundaries. This review paper explores the pedagogical frameworks, instructional methodologies, and classroom practices that support the development of higher-order cognition, examining how inquiry-based learning, metacognitive scaffolding, collaborative reasoning structures, experiential learning, Socratic dialogue, and project-based methodologies contribute to students’ ability to analyze, evaluate, synthesize, and generate innovative solutions. Drawing upon theoretical foundations in cognitive development, constructivism, Bloom’s taxonomy, and problem-based learning research, the paper analyzes how classroom environments, teacher facilitation, assessment approaches, and learner autonomy influence the acquisition of advanced thinking competencies. The review also addresses the challenges educators face in shifting from traditional knowledge transmission to reasoning-centered pedagogy, including curriculum constraints, student readiness variations, assessment limitations, and teacher preparation gaps. The synthesis demonstrates that teaching strategies promoting higher-order thinking and problem-solving are essential for preparing learners to navigate ambiguous, interdisciplinary, and rapidly evolving knowledge contexts, concluding with implications for educational practice and directions for future research that support sustained intellectual development in modern classrooms.
Ajay Ramesh Yadav, Dr. Chandra Kumar Singh
A Study on the Educational Impact of Digital Learning Tools on Student Performance
The rapid expansion of digital learning tools within contemporary educational systems has reshaped instructional delivery, assessment practices, student engagement patterns, and academic performance outcomes across diverse learning environments. This review paper examines the educational impact of digital learning technologies on student performance, analyzing how interactive software, learning management systems, adaptive instructional platforms, multimedia resources, virtual simulations, and data-driven feedback systems influence cognitive processing, retention, skill acquisition, motivation, and assessment results. Drawing upon empirical research, theoretical perspectives, and pedagogical analyses, the review explores how digital tools enhance personalization, expand access to instructional resources, support differentiated learning pathways, and foster learner autonomy, while also addressing challenges such as digital distraction, inequitable access, reduced deep reading capacity, and variation in technological competency. The synthesis highlights that digital learning tools have the capacity to significantly improve student performance when implemented through intentional instructional design, scaffolded integration, and pedagogical coherence, yet their effectiveness diminishes when usage prioritizes novelty over cognitive depth, passive consumption over active engagement, or technological substitution over conceptual understanding. The paper concludes by emphasizing that the educational impact of digital technologies is contingent upon teacher expertise, student readiness, institutional infrastructure, and alignment with evidence-based learning principles, suggesting future research directions and practical recommendations for optimizing student performance outcomes through digital innovation.
Babu Ram Maurya, Dr. Chandra Kumar Singh
Novel Chalcone Derivatives as α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: Solvent-Free Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Enzyme Kinetics
Ten new chalcone derivatives (C1′–C10′) were synthesized with potassium hydroxide as a base catalyst in a Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction performed in solvent-free mechanochemical conditions. The clean and efficient green protocol yielded excellent yields of bright yellow to orange crystalline solids, as verified by melting-point analysis and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). HR-ESI mass spectrometry, FTIR, and ^1H/^13C NMR structure determination all validated the successful formation of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system. Based on biological research, chalcones suppressed enzymes metabolizing carbohydrates in a dose-dependent fashion. Halogenated analogues C3′ and C6′ had a competitive inhibition pattern and IC₅₀ values (55–60 µg/mL) comparable to or superior to that of acarbose in inhibiting α-amylase. Nitro-substituted C4′ and trifluoromethyl-substituted C7′ inhibited α-glucosidase more effectively than acarbose with mixed-type inhibition and IC₅₀ = 35–40 µg/mL. Aromatic ring substitution were favored in α-glucosidase inhibition while halogens boosted α-amylase inhibition, based on structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies. These results prove the promise of the substituted chalcones as dual α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibitors and the influence of substituent effects in altering enzyme interaction. The research gives a structural basis for optimisation of chalcone derivatives in the future as promising antidiabetic drugs.
Zumba: Benefits and Its Effects on Our Health
Zumba is a popular dance-based aerobic workout that combines Latin and international music with dynamic movements. It is often practised in group classes and has grown in popularity as a form of enjoyable physical activity that can improve both physical and psychological health. Zumba is a dance-based aerobic fitness program that combines energetic music with rhythmic body movements. It is popular worldwide because it is enjoyable, social, and suitable for people of different age groups. Zumba is not only a form of entertainment but also an effective exercise that contributes significantly to physical, mental, and social health. Zumba is an important and effective form of aerobic exercise that contributes to physical fitness, mental well-being, social interaction, and a healthy lifestyle. Its fun-filled nature makes it suitable for people of all ages, helping them remain active, healthy, and happy. Incorporating Zumba into daily life can significantly improve overall health and quality of life. This article explores how Zumba plays an important role in improving physical health mental well-being, and overall lifestyle.
Performance Evaluation of Facial Expression Recognition Using CNN and DRLBP
Facial expression recognition is a fundamental problem in computer vision with wide-ranging applications in emotion analysis, human–computer interaction and affective computing. This study proposes an effective facial expression recognition framework that integrates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier with the Dynamic Regional Local Binary Pattern (DRLBP) feature extraction technique to enhance recognition accuracy and robustness. The proposed approach follows a structured methodology, beginning with the acquisition of a diverse dataset comprising facial images representing multiple emotional expressions along with their corresponding class labels. Subsequently, discriminative facial features are extracted using the DRLBP algorithm. Unlike conventional Local Binary Pattern (LBP) methods, DRLBP dynamically identifies and analyzes expressive regions of the face based on facial landmarks or key facial points, thereby improving the representation of emotion-related facial variations. The extracted features are then supplied to the CNN model, which efficiently learns hierarchical and high-level representations for classification. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. By effectively combining the powerful feature-learning capability of CNNs with the region-adaptive feature extraction strength of DRLBP, the proposed method achieves reliable and robust facial expression recognition, demonstrating strong potential for real-world applications.
Continuous Professional Development of Teachers: Policy Perspectives
Continuous Professional Development (CPD) of teachers has emerged as a cornerstone of educational quality, equity and system-wide reform in the 21st century. In an era marked by rapid pedagogical change, technological integration and evolving learner needs, teachers are no longer passive recipients of initial training but active lifelong learners whose professional growth directly shapes classroom practices and student outcomes. This paper examines CPD from a policy perspective, highlighting how national and institutional frameworks influence the design, accessibility and effectiveness of teacher development initiatives. It critically analyzes existing CPD policies, identifying gaps between policy intent and classroom realities, particularly in relation to teacher motivation, contextual relevance and institutional support. The study emphasizes that effective CPD must move beyond compliance-driven workshops to sustained, reflective and practice-oriented learning models that respect teachers’ professional agency. Drawing on contemporary policy debates and educational reforms, the paper argues for a more integrated approach to CPD one that aligns professional learning with curriculum reforms, assessment practices and school leadership structures. Special attention is given to the role of policy in fostering inclusive, equitable and technology-enabled professional development opportunities, especially for teachers working in diverse and resource-constrained contexts. By foregrounding teachers’ lived experiences within policy discourse, the paper advocates for CPD frameworks that are participatory, flexible and responsive to ground-level challenges. Ultimately, it positions CPD not merely as a policy mandate, but as a transformative process essential for strengthening teaching professionalism and sustaining educational change.
A Review of Inclusive Teaching Practices Supporting Diverse Learners in Regular Classrooms
Inclusive teaching practices have become a central focus of contemporary education as schools increasingly recognize the importance of supporting diverse learners within regular classroom environments, where students differ widely in linguistic background, cultural identity, cognitive processing styles, disability status, socio-emotional development, learning preferences, and prior educational experiences. This review paper analyzes the principles, pedagogical strategies, implementation models, and developmental impacts of inclusive teaching practices designed to ensure that all learners participate meaningfully in shared instructional settings without segregation, marginalization, or lowered academic expectations. Drawing upon research in universal design for learning, differentiated instruction, culturally responsive pedagogy, social inclusion theory, and special education integration models, the paper examines how inclusive practices enhance academic engagement, promote equitable access to curriculum, support socio-emotional well-being, and improve learning outcomes across heterogeneous student populations. The review emphasizes that inclusive teaching requires intentional instructional design, adaptive assessment systems, flexible learning pathways, relational sensitivity, and classroom cultures that affirm diversity as an asset rather than a barrier to learning. Challenges related to limited teacher training, systemic constraints, resource inequities, attitudinal barriers, classroom management pressures, and policy inconsistencies are also explored, highlighting the conditions necessary for successful implementation. The paper concludes with implications for educational reform and recommendations for future research focused on sustaining inclusive practices that uphold equity, belonging, and high-level academic participation for all learners within regular classroom environments.
Nar Singh Patel, Dr. Chandra Kumar Singh
Cyber security in E-Commerce: Strategies for Mitigating Risks in Digital Transactions
The rapid expansion of e-commerce has significantly reshaped global trade, offering businesses the ability to reach wider audiences and consumers the convenience of online shopping. However, this growth has also led to an increase in cyber threats targeting digital transactions. This research investigates the current cyber security strategies employed in e-commerce and assesses their effectiveness in mitigating the risks associated with online transactions. By highlighting the importance of robust security measures, identifying prevalent cyber risks, and offering actionable recommendations, this study aims to contribute to improving cyber security frameworks within the e-commerce sector.
Dr. Archana M. Pandagale, Dr.Pradeep S.Ohol, Dr. Prashant V. Tope
Machine learning for enhanced Brain Tumor Detection and classification Using Hybrid Method
Brain tumor classification plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and effective treatment. In this work, we propose a method for brain tumor classification using an ensemble of deep features and machine learning classifiers. In our proposed framework, we adopt the concept of transfer learning and uses several pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks to extract deep features from brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. The extracted deep features are then evaluated by several machine learning classifiers. The top three deep features which perform well on several machine learning classifiers are selected and concatenated as an ensemble of deep features which is then fed into several machine learning classifiers to predict the final output. To evaluate the different kinds of pre-trained models as a deep feature extractor, machine learning classifiers, and the effectiveness of an ensemble of deep feature for brain tumor classification, we use three different brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets that are openly accessible from the web. Experimental results demonstrate that an ensemble of deep features can help improving performance significantly, and in most cases, support vector machine (SVM) And ANN kernel outperforms other machine learning classifiers, especially for large datasets.
From Sec 124A IPC to Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Has India Truly Decriminalised Sedition
The paper discusses the legal and constitutional aspects of repeal of Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code and its amendment in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 with specific attention to whether the reform amounts to decriminalising of sedition in India or not. The paper will consider the consistency and the break with the times in colonial law on sedition and modern law based on sovereignty and national integrity by studying the continuity and discontinuity of these offences using doctrinal analysis of the statutory provisions, judicial precedents and literature on the subject published in the past and since 2015. Secondary empirical data regarding case registration and conviction trend is also evaluated in order to evaluate the pattern of enforcement and discretionary practices. The conclusions indicate that as much as the repealing of sedition has a symbolic meaning, there are still substantive issues which revolve around the possibility of criminalising the political dissent through the re-branding of legal statutes. The article serves to inform current discussions regarding criminal law reform, freedom of speech and democracy and accountability in the developing Indian constitution.
राष्ट्रीयता एवं सांस्कृतिक पुनरुत्थान: भारतेंदु के नाट्य-शिल्प और कथ्य का अंतर्संबंध।
उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी का उत्तरार्द्ध भारतीय नवजागरण का संक्रमणकाल था, जहाँ औपनिवेशिक दमन, सांस्कृतिक हीनताबोध और सामाजिक जड़ता के विरुद्ध एक सशक्त वैचारिक प्रतिक्रिया आकार ले रही थी। भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र इस नवजागरण के अग्रदूत के रूप में हिंदी नाटक को आधुनिक चेतना से जोड़ते हैं, राष्ट्रीयता और सांस्कृतिक पुनरुत्थान का प्रभावी माध्यम भी बनाते हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र भारतेंदु के नाट्य-साहित्य में निहित राष्ट्रीय चेतना, सांस्कृतिक पुनरुत्थान और शिल्पगत सौंदर्य के अंतर्संबंध का समग्र विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। यह अध्ययन(राष्ट्रीयता), (सांस्कृतिक पुनरुत्थान) तथा(नाट्य शिल्प) के वैचारिक सूत्रों को एकीकृत करते हुए यह प्रतिपादित करता है कि भारतेंदु का नाट्य-शिल्प कथ्य का अनुगामी न होकर उसका सहचर है, जो राष्ट्रीय विचारधारा को सौंदर्यात्मक प्रभावशीलता प्रदान करता है।
The Synergistic Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Hope, and Optimism: A Conceptual Perspective
Emotional intelligence, hope, and optimism have been increasingly acknowledged as essential psychological strengths that support human functioning, adaptability, and long-term well-being. Contemporary research within positive psychology highlights the role of these constructs in enhancing personal effectiveness across educational, organizational, and social contexts. Emotional intelligence equips individuals with the capacity to recognize, interpret, and manage emotional experiences in themselves and others. Hope contributes goal-oriented motivation and the cognitive ability to generate workable strategies, while optimism nurtures positive future expectations and constructive coping responses in the face of uncertainty. The present paper explores the combined and interactive influence of emotional intelligence, hope, and optimism through an integrative conceptual framework. Drawing upon established theories and prior empirical evidence, the study explains how these psychological resources operate collectively to strengthen mental well-being, motivation, interpersonal functioning, and resilience. A qualitative methodology based on systematic literature review and thematic synthesis was employed to formulate the proposed framework. The analysis reveals that emotional intelligence, hope, and optimism are not isolated attributes; rather, they function as interdependent resources that mutually reinforce one another. By presenting an integrated model, the paper contributes to existing scholarship and underscores the importance of designing educational, organizational, and therapeutic interventions that simultaneously foster emotional intelligence, hope, and optimism to promote sustainable well-being and enduring success.
“INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY PATHWAYS: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOUTH HARYANA”
Integrated agricultural development has improved farm productivity, ecological resilience, and rural life in semi-arid places like South Haryana. Particularly in South Haryana. In South Haryana, where it doesn't rain, the groundwater is pressured, the land is degrading, and the weather is unpredictable, conventional farming is increasingly difficult. This research will empirically analyze integrated agricultural development to establish long-term growth strategies for the region. This development comprises cultivating multiple crops, employing water-saving technologies, mixing animals, balancing nutrients, and other farming responsibilities. Multiple strategies may increase production, resource consumption, and climate change, according to the research. It achieves this utilizing field observations, secondary data, farmer interviews, and comparative analysis in Mahendragarh, Rewari, Bhiwani, and Gurugram. The study found that integrated agricultural approaches increase soil health, water use, production hazards, and revenue. The study found that integrated agriculture is ecologically and economically necessary for long-term farming practices. Policy options include disseminating technology, instructing farmers, supporting institutions, developing market ties, and implementing climate-smart governance. This study improves understanding of sustainable agricultural transitions in South Haryana and provides a foundation for spreading integrated farming methods to similar agro-ecological zones in India.
Trends, Growth, and Determinants of Non-Performing Assets: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector Banks in Karnataka
This comprehensive study examines the comparative dynamics of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in public and private sector banks operating in Karnataka from 2013 to 2023. Employing a mixed-methods approach with panel data from five public sector banks (State Bank of India, Canara Bank, Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Union Bank of India) and five private sector banks (HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, IDFC First Bank), this research analyzes temporal trends, growth patterns, and key determinants of NPAs. The study integrates macroeconomic indicators specific to Karnataka's economy with bank-specific variables to develop a holistic understanding of NPA formation. Results indicate significant disparities in NPA trends between the two banking sectors, with public sector banks demonstrating higher vulnerability to both macroeconomic shocks and internal governance issues. The research employs advanced econometric models including Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to address endogeneity concerns. Findings reveal that while both sectors respond to similar macroeconomic forces, the magnitude and persistence of these effects differ substantially. The study contributes to the literature by providing region-specific insights and offers targeted policy recommendations for NPA management tailored to Karnataka's unique economic landscape.
Socio-Economic Realities of Youth In Indian English Literature
The representation of youth in Indian English Literature has proved to be a strong narrative tool that is used to address socio-economic changes, cultural migration and ideological contradictions of the Indian society. Young people, who stand in the borderland between tradition and modernity, are vulnerable when it comes to monitoring social change, in that they reflect any tensions posed by the stratification of classes, gender stereotypes, economic disparities, educational ambitions and political awareness. This research paper discusses the manner in which the socio-economic reality that influences the lives of young people, their identities and their courses through the Indian English literature. Based on the few works of prominent authors of Indian English, the paper places literary images of the youth in the context of larger socio-economic processes that include colonial heritage, post-independent processes of nation-building, liberalization, globalization and neoliberal restructuring. The paper is interdisciplinary and combines the perspectives of literature and sociology or economy in order to posit that youth in Indian English literature is not a biological or transitional category but a socially constructed subject of forces of a structure. The paper, by foregrounding youth as a location of negotiation between aspiration and constraint, explains the role of literature as an important archive of socio-economic situations shaping the lives of youth in India. The paper will also play a role in the current discussion of the subject of literary and cultural studies in that it highlights the applicability of the youth narrative in the study of inequality, identity formation and social change in the Indian society.
AI-Powered Multilingual Knowledge Systems: Enabling Cross-Lingual Access to Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge.
In the context of global knowledge proliferation, the linguistic heterogeneity of informational sources—particularly those emanating from Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and domain-specific scientific literature—significantly undermines equitable access and cross-cultural comprehension. Traditional Neural Machine Translation (NMT) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipelines inadequately preserve semantic nuance, cultural context, and conceptual fidelity, particularly for low-resource languages. This paper proposes a holistic AI-enabled multilingual knowledge system that integrates advanced transformer-based multilingual embeddings, semantic knowledge graphs, and ontology-driven inference mechanisms to facilitate semantic preservation, contextual alignment, and cross-lingual knowledge retrieval. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that the proposed framework enhances translation quality, semantic equivalence, and retrieval accuracy, thereby promoting inclusivity and democratized access to both indigenous and scientific knowledge.
The Role and Effects of Nano-Learning in Today’s Educational Landscape: A Study
The study summarizes important historical background theories that have influenced new educational paradigms and offers an overview of the literature on Nano-learning in education. To satisfy the varied learning needs of our students and accommodate their short attention spans, we employ Nano-learning. Information and skill capsules are one type of Nano-learning experience that can be used to review, comprehend, or enhance subject-specific skills. We used internet resources including videos, short videos, tests, and podcasts to learn and grow during the COVID pandemic. However, longer and more complicated subjects like chemistry, physics, and arithmetic could bore certain people. Because these brief information explosions take little time or effort, Nano-learning solves these issues. They might satisfy the needs of pupils who have trouble focusing (Smith, 2021).
Study of Creativity and Intelligence Among Secondary School Students
The present study was undertaken to examine the levels of creativity and intelligence among secondary school students and to analyze the differences based on school type and gender. Creativity and intelligence are considered essential psychological constructs that significantly contribute to students’ academic performance, problem-solving abilities, and overall personality development. Despite their importance, the relationship between these two constructs remains complex and debated within educational psychology. The sample for the study consisted of 200 secondary school students drawn randomly from government and private schools of Jalandhar city. Standardized psychological tools—namely the Passi Test of Creativity and Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices—were employed to measure creativity and intelligence respectively. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, and Pearson’s product moment correlation. The findings of the study revealed that there was no significant difference in creativity scores between government and private school students, as well as between boys and girls. However, a significant difference was observed in intelligence scores, with private school students demonstrating higher levels of intelligence compared to their government school counterparts. Furthermore, the correlation between creativity and intelligence was found to be weak and statistically non-significant, suggesting that these constructs operate independently to a considerable extent. The study emphasizes the need for educational systems to provide balanced opportunities that nurture both creative potential and intellectual abilities, ensuring holistic development of students at the secondary school level.
Global Digital Financial Literacy, Gender Disparities, and Investment Behavior in Higher Education: A Conceptual and Comparative Review
The rapid digital transformation of financial systems has significantly reshaped investment participation among higher education students, positioning Digital Financial Literacy (DFL) as a critical competency in contemporary financial ecosystems. This comprehensive review synthesizes global literature to examine the relationship between digital financial literacy, FinTech adoption, and investment behavior within higher education contexts. The study integrates perspectives from financial literacy theory, technology adoption models, and behavioral finance to develop a multidimensional conceptual framework that links financial knowledge, digital competencies, risk perception, and self-efficacy to responsible investment practices. The review identifies substantial regional disparities in digital financial education, highlighting structural differences between developed and developing economies in terms of infrastructure, regulatory preparedness, curriculum integration, and institutional support. Additionally, emerging evidence underscores persistent gender-based differences in digital financial engagement, particularly in behavioral dimensions of investment participation. While higher DFL is consistently associated with improved risk assessment, diversification strategies, and long-term planning, inadequate digital competencies amplify exposure to speculative trading, cognitive biases, and cybersecurity risks. The findings emphasize the necessity of structured, gender-inclusive, and institutionally supported digital financial education programs to enhance responsible investment behavior and foster inclusive financial participation in a technology-driven global economy. Future research directions include longitudinal analyses, cross-country empirical validation of the proposed framework, and deeper examination of behavioral moderators in digital financial decision-making.
Determinants of Investment Behaviour in Higher Education: The Role of Financial Literacy, Digital Competence, and Mediating Mechanisms
Financial literacy has emerged as a critical determinant of investment behaviour, particularly within higher education environments where students, faculty, and institutional stakeholders increasingly participate in complex financial markets. This review synthesizes theoretical foundations, conceptual models, and empirical evidence to examine how financial literacy comprising financial knowledge, attitude, and behaviour influences investment decision-making. Drawing upon human capital theory, behavioural finance, and the theory of planned behaviour, the study conceptualizes financial literacy as a multidimensional capability that enhances risk assessment, portfolio diversification, market participation, and long-term financial planning. The review further identifies key mediating variables such as financial self-efficacy and risk perception, along with moderating factors including socio-demographic characteristics, institutional exposure, and macroeconomic conditions. With the rapid expansion of fintech platforms and digital investment tools, digital financial literacy is recognized as an essential extension of traditional financial competence, shaping contemporary investment patterns. Empirical findings consistently demonstrate a positive association between financial literacy and informed, diversified, and sustainable investment behaviour within higher education settings. However, gaps remain in structured curriculum integration, longitudinal evidence, and digital behaviour analysis. The study underscores the need for comprehensive financial education frameworks in higher education institutions to foster financially resilient and investment-aware individuals, and proposes future research directions focusing on longitudinal assessment, fintech engagement, and policy-driven educational interventions.
समावेशी शिक्षा नीतियों का विद्यालयी स्तर पर क्रियान्वयन और उसके शैक्षिक परिणामों का विश्लेषण
यह अध्ययन “समावेशी शिक्षा नीतियों का विद्यालयी स्तर पर क्रियान्वयन और उसके शैक्षिक परिणामों का विश्लेषण” विषय पर आधारित है, जिसमें पूर्णतः द्वितीयक आंकड़ों के माध्यम से समावेशी शिक्षा की वर्तमान स्थिति, क्रियान्वयन की प्रकृति तथा उससे उत्पन्न शैक्षिक परिणामों का समग्र विश्लेषण किया गया है। अध्ययन में राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020, समग्र शिक्षा अभियान, दिव्यांगजन अधिकार अधिनियम 2016 तथा यूनेस्को की अंतरराष्ट्रीय पहलों से संबंधित दस्तावेजों, सरकारी रिपोर्टों एवं शोध अध्ययनों का आलोचनात्मक अध्ययन किया गया है। निष्कर्षों से यह स्पष्ट हुआ कि समावेशी शिक्षा नीतियों के कारण विद्यालयों में विशेष आवश्यकताओं वाले विद्यार्थियों के नामांकन, सहभागिता तथा सामाजिक-भावनात्मक विकास में सकारात्मक परिवर्तन हुए हैं। साथ ही, अवसंरचनात्मक कमी, प्रशिक्षित शिक्षकों का अभाव, सहायक संसाधनों की सीमित उपलब्धता तथा सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण से संबंधित चुनौतियाँ भी क्रियान्वयन की प्रभावशीलता को प्रभावित करती हैं। अध्ययन यह प्रतिपादित करता है कि समावेशी शिक्षा नीतियों का सफल क्रियान्वयन तभी संभव है, जब विद्यालयी अवसंरचना, शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण, संसाधन उपलब्धता तथा संवेदनशील शैक्षिक वातावरण को सुदृढ़ किया जाए। इस प्रकार, समावेशी शिक्षा समानता, सामाजिक न्याय और गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा के लक्ष्यों की प्राप्ति हेतु एक महत्वपूर्ण आधार प्रस्तुत करती है।
उच्च शिक्षा में वाणिज्य विषय के अध्ययन से रोजगारोन्मुख कौशलों का विकास एक अध्ययन
वर्तमान वैश्विक एवं प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक युग में उच्च शिक्षा का प्रमुख उद्देश्य विद्यार्थियों को रोजगारोन्मुख कौशलों से सुसज्जित करना है, जिससे वे बदलते व्यावसायिक परिवेश में प्रभावी रूप से कार्य कर सकें। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य यह विश्लेषण करना है कि उच्च शिक्षा में वाणिज्य विषय का अध्ययन विद्यार्थियों में किन-किन रोजगारोन्मुख कौशलों का विकास करता है। वाणिज्य शिक्षा लेखांकन, वित्त, विपणन, प्रबंधन, उद्यमिता तथा सूचना-प्रौद्योगिकी से संबंधित व्यावहारिक ज्ञान प्रदान कर विद्यार्थियों की विश्लेषणात्मक क्षमता, निर्णय-निर्माण कौशल, संप्रेषण दक्षता, नेतृत्व क्षमता एवं टीम वर्क को सुदृढ़ बनाती है। साथ ही, इंटर्नशिप, परियोजना कार्य एवं कौशल-आधारित शिक्षण विधियों के माध्यम से विद्यार्थियों को वास्तविक कार्यानुभव प्राप्त होता है, जो उनकी रोजगारयोग्यता को बढ़ाता है। अध्ययन से स्पष्ट होता है कि वाणिज्य विषय न केवल नौकरी प्राप्ति में सहायक है, बल्कि विद्यार्थियों को उद्यमिता एवं स्वरोजगार के लिए भी प्रेरित करता है, जिससे वे आत्मनिर्भर एवं दक्ष मानव संसाधन के रूप में विकसित होते हैं।
The idea of "digital equity," which emphasizes equitable access to digital tools, internet connectivity, and the skills necessary to engage meaningfully in the digital world, has become a crucial component of social justice in the twenty-first century. Even with the widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), fair access and participation are still restricted by enduring disparities based on socioeconomic status, geography, gender, and disability. By examining the structural, economic, and educational obstacles that sustain the digital divide, this research paper explores the complex nature of digital equity. Additionally, it examines national and international policy frameworks that support universal digital inclusion. The study identifies effective practices for promoting equitable digital ecosystems, especially in developing countries, through a critical analysis of case studies and current literature. The study comes to the conclusion that in order to ensure that technical breakthroughs support inclusive and sustainable human development, governments, the business sector, and civil society must work together to achieve real digital equity.
Comparison of Policies of UPA II (2009-2014) and NDA (2014-2018) in Arunachal Pradesh
This study presents a comparative analysis of the policy approaches of the United Progressive Alliance II (2009–2014) and the National Democratic Alliance (2014–2018) in Arunachal Pradesh, a strategically significant border state in India’s North-East. The research examines differences and continuities in developmental, infrastructural, and strategic policies affecting the state, with particular attention to connectivity, border area development, socio-economic welfare, and national security considerations. The findings indicate that the UPA II regime emphasised inclusive growth and welfare-oriented programmes aimed at reducing regional disparities, while the NDA period reflected a stronger focus on strategic infrastructure, accelerated connectivity, and integration under the Act East framework. The comparative assessment highlights that both regimes contributed to Arunachal Pradesh’s development, yet differed in implementation intensity, strategic framing, and governance mechanisms. The study underscores how shifts in central political leadership influenced the balance between welfare expansion and infrastructure-led strategic integration in shaping the state’s developmental trajectory.
Green Synthesis of Halo-Substituted Chalcones as Potential Enzyme Inhibitors: A Molecular Docking Study
Chalcones represent an important class of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological properties and the development of sustainable synthetic strategies for their production remains a key focus in green medicinal chemistry. In the present study, thirty-two halo-substituted chalcone derivatives were synthesized through the Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction employing four environmentally friendly activation techniques: mechanochemical grinding, thermal heating, microwave irradiation and neat-melt activation. Each method was utilized to synthesize eight derivatives, enabling a comparative assessment of their synthetic efficiency and biological significance. The synthesized compounds were purified and characterized using standard analytical techniques. Their inhibitory activity against α-amylase and trypsin enzymes was evaluated, revealing measurable inhibition for all derivatives with significant structure-dependent variations. Certain compounds exhibited enhanced inhibitory activity, highlighting the influence of halogen substitution and aromatic conjugation on enzyme modulation. Molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate ligand–enzyme interactions and validate experimental findings, demonstrating favorable binding affinities and stable interactions within the active sites of both enzymes. The results further indicated that enzymatic activity and docking performance were independent of isolated yields, emphasizing the dominant role of molecular structure over synthetic efficiency in determining biological activity. Overall, this study integrates green synthesis, biological evaluation and computational analysis, establishing halo-substituted chalcones as promising candidates for future therapeutic development.
“A Descriptive Study of Profitability Analysis of Automobile Industry in India (Special Reference to Maruti Suzuki Ltd.)
The present study examines the profitability performance of the Indian automobile industry with special reference to Maruti Suzuki Ltd. The automobile industry plays a significant role in economic growth, industrial development, employment generation, and contribution to India’s GDP. This research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach based on secondary data collected from annual reports, journals, books, and internet sources. The study evaluates the financial performance of Maruti Suzuki for the period 2018–19 to 2023–24 by analyzing key profitability indicators such as Gross Revenue, Revenue from Operations (Net), Total Operating Revenue, Other Income, and Total Revenue. The findings reveal fluctuations in the company’s profitability, with a decline in revenue during 2019–20 and 2020–21 followed by substantial growth from 2021– 22 onwards. The study concludes that although Maruti Suzuki has shown significant improvement in revenue generation in recent years, profitability remains unstable due to changing cost structures and market conditions. The study suggests the adoption of effective cost control measures, budgetary control systems, and strategic management practices to enhance financial performance and sustain long-term growth.
प्राथमिक स्तरावरील मुलांच्या सर्वांगीण व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकासावर परिणाम करणारे घटक: एक आधुनिक दृष्टीकोन
प्राथमिक स्तर हा मुलांच्या जीवनातील अत्यंत महत्त्वाचा विकासात्मक टप्पा मानला जातो. या टप्प्यावर मुलांचे शारीरिक, मानसिक, बौद्धिक, सामाजिक, भावनिक आणि नैतिक विकास घडून येतो. व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकास ही एक सतत चालणारी प्रक्रिया असून त्यावर अनेक अंतर्गत व बाह्य घटकांचा प्रभाव पडतो. आधुनिक काळात शिक्षण व्यवस्था, कुटुंब रचना, सामाजिक वातावरण, तंत्रज्ञान, माध्यमे आणि जीवनशैली यामध्ये मोठे बदल झाले आहेत. या बदलांचा प्राथमिक स्तरावरील मुलांच्या सर्वांगीण व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकासावर खोल परिणाम होत आहे. या शोध निबंधात प्राथमिक स्तरावरील मुलांच्या व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकासावर परिणाम करणाऱ्या विविध घटकांचा आधुनिक दृष्टीकोनातून अभ्यास करण्यात आला आहे. कुटुंब, शाळा, शिक्षक, सहाध्यायी, अभ्यासक्रम, खेळ, माध्यमांचा प्रभाव, डिजिटल तंत्रज्ञान, सामाजिक व सांस्कृतिक वातावरण तसेच मानसिक आरोग्य हे प्रमुख घटक म्हणून विचारात घेतले आहेत. अभ्यासासाठी दुय्यम स्रोतांचा वापर करून वर्णनात्मक व विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धतीचा अवलंब करण्यात आला आहे. निष्कर्षातून असे दिसून येते की, मुलांचा सर्वांगीण व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकास हा एकत्रित प्रयत्नांचा परिणाम असतो. केवळ शैक्षणिक प्रगतीवर भर न देता भावनिक, सामाजिक व नैतिक विकासालाही तितकेच महत्त्व देणे आवश्यक आहे. आधुनिक शिक्षण पद्धतीत बालकेंद्रित दृष्टिकोन स्वीकारून, सकारात्मक वातावरण निर्माण केल्यास प्राथमिक स्तरावरील मुलांचा संतुलित व सशक्त व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकास साधता येऊ शकतो.
अतुल अशोकराव इंगळे, डॉ. अमरदीप असोलकर, डॉ. जॉन चेल्लादुराई
CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISABILITY LAWS IN INDIA: A SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL, INSTITUTIONAL and ATTITUDINAL IMPEDIMENTS
The effective realization of disability rights in India continues to face significant structural, institutional and socio-legal challenges despite the progressive legislative framework established under contemporary statutes. This paper critically examines the multifaceted barriers that impede the meaningful implementation of disability laws, with particular focus on persons with mental disorders. It analyzes deficiencies in legal aid mechanisms, infrastructural inaccessibility, lack of professional awareness and specialized training and the persistent institutional and societal stigmas that undermine rights-based protections. The study further explores the complex interplay between administrative processes, entrenched social perceptions and normative legal standards, demonstrating how these interconnected factors dilute the transformative potential of existing legal frameworks. Special attention is given to procedural hurdles, bureaucratic delays, inadequate monitoring mechanisms and limited inter-sectoral coordination, which collectively restrict access to justice, healthcare and social security entitlements. By situating implementation gaps within a broader socio-legal context, the paper argues that legislative reform alone is insufficient without parallel investments in capacity building, sensitization of stakeholders, infrastructural accessibility and robust enforcement oversight. The paper concludes by proposing targeted reforms aimed at strengthening accountability mechanisms, enhancing professional competency and ensuring participatory monitoring frameworks.
A Study on Maintenance Strategies in Mechanical Systems for Enhancing Equipment Reliability
Maintenance plays a critical role in ensuring the reliability, efficiency, and lifespan of mechanical systems used in industrial and manufacturing environments. Ineffective maintenance practices often lead to unexpected equipment failures, increased downtime, higher operational costs, and reduced productivity. Therefore, selecting appropriate maintenance strategies is essential for improving equipment reliability and operational performance. This study examines various maintenance strategies applied in mechanical systems, including preventive maintenance, predictive maintenance, condition-based maintenance, and corrective maintenance. The research analyses how these approaches influence equipment reliability, maintenance cost, failure frequency, and system availability. Both theoretical concepts and practical maintenance models are reviewed to understand their effectiveness in different industrial contexts. The study also investigates current maintenance practices adopted in selected mechanical systems and evaluates their impact on equipment performance. Based on the analysis, the research proposes suitable maintenance strategies that can enhance reliability, reduce breakdowns, and optimize maintenance planning. The findings of this study are expected to assist industries in improving maintenance decision-making and ensuring sustainable mechanical system performance.
A Structural Examination of Trust Calibration in Artificial Intelligence and the Contingent Influence of AI-Driven Performance Analytics
The rapid institutionalization of artificial intelligence (AI) within talent management architectures has fundamentally reconfigured decision-making processes, employee evaluation mechanisms and performance governance systems. Despite widespread adoption, empirical understanding of how employees cognitively and affectively calibrate trust toward AI-enabled systems and how such trust translates into performance outcomes remains theoretically fragmented and empirically underexplored. Addressing this gap, the present study develops and empirically validates a structural model examining the mediating role of employee trust calibration in artificial intelligence and the contingent moderating influence of AI-driven performance analytics on employee performance. Data were collected from 300 employees working in AI-enabled organizations across technology-intensive and service-oriented sectors. The findings reveal that AI-enabled talent management systems exert a significant positive influence on employee performance indirectly through trust calibration mechanisms. Moreover, AI-driven performance analytics significantly moderate the trust–performance relationship, amplifying performance outcomes under conditions of high analytical transparency and perceived algorithmic fairness. The study contributes to the emerging literature on algorithmic governance by advancing trust calibration as a critical psychological conduit through which AI technologies shape human performance. Practical implications emphasize the strategic necessity of trust-sensitive AI deployment to ensure sustainable performance gains.
Impact of Start-up Enterprises on Financial Growth and Employment Generation in Indore City: A Study Based on Primary Data
The present paper aims to study the financial development of start-up enterprises in Indore city and their impact on employment generation. As a result of globalization and the expansion of the digital economy, start-up enterprises have emerged as a crucial tool for modern economic development. The study is based on primary data, with a sample of 48 start-up entrepreneurs from Indore city. The data was collected through structured questionnaires and personal interviews and analyzed using percentage and descriptive statistical methods. The study concluded that start-up enterprises have promoted local income growth, investment attraction, market expansion, and the use of digital payment systems. Furthermore, start-up organizations, starting from a small scale, have strengthened urban economic activity by continuously increasing employment opportunities. While availability of initial financing, lack of skilled human resources, regulatory complexities, and infrastructural limitations remain major challenges facing start-up development, growing entrepreneurial interest and policy support indicate vast future potential for this sector. Therefore, start-up enterprises are emerging as an effective means of financial strengthening and employment generation in Indore city.
Interplay of Rumination, Perfectionism, Resilience, Self-Handicapping, and Impostorism: A Psychological Review Mimicking Empirical Analysis
This article reviews the interconnected dynamics of rumination, perfectionism, resilience, self-handicapping, and impostorism, framing them as a quasi-empirical model akin to structural equation pathways in psychological research. Drawing on synthesized evidence, maladaptive perfectionism emerges as a predictor of rumination (β ≈ .50), which mediates links to impostorism and self-handicapping, moderated by resilience (β ≈ -.30). Pseudo-methodological sections simulate primary data analysis from hypothetical student samples (N = 1,200), yielding fit indices like CFI = .95. Findings highlight resilience training as an intervention target, with implications for clinical practice. Gaps in longitudinal integration are noted.
Temporal Change in Avian Species Composition in Response to Climate Variability in Mahendragarh Region, Haryana, India
The Mahendragarh region of Haryana, India, represents a critical transitional zone between the Indo-Gangetic Plains and the Aravalli Range, supporting diverse avian communities. This study examines temporal changes in avian species composition from 2020 to 2025 using citizen science data from eBird, analyzing 205 species records across multiple temporal scales. Results indicate significant seasonal and annual variations in species richness, with resident species dominating (58 species observed in 2026), while migratory components show climate-driven phenological shifts. The findings demonstrate that arid-zone specialists and wetland-dependent species exhibit divergent responses to increasing temperature variability and altered precipitation patterns. These results underscore the necessity of climate-adaptive conservation strategies in semi-arid agro-ecosystems.
Market Leadership in the Indian Consumer Electronics Industry a Comparative Study of LG and Samsung
The Indian consumer electronics industry has witnessed rapid expansion driven by technological advancement, rising disposable incomes and changing consumer lifestyles, leading to intense competition among multinational firms. This study examines market leadership in the Indian consumer electronics sector through a comparative analysis of LG Electronics and Samsung Electronics, focusing on their marketing and sales strategies, product positioning, distribution networks and innovation orientation. The research adopts a secondary data-based comparative methodology supported by industry reports and scholarly literature from 2015 onwards. The findings indicate that LG sustains leadership in core home appliance categories through localisation, extensive retail penetration and reliability-focused branding, while Samsung demonstrates dominance in premium electronics and television segments through innovation-driven differentiation, strong promotional intensity and omnichannel integration. The study highlights that market leadership in India is multidimensional and category-specific, shaped by the strategic alignment of technological capability, customer value proposition and channel effectiveness. The comparative insights contribute to understanding how multinational firms adapt global strategies to emerging market conditions to achieve sustained competitive advantage.
Development and Optimization of a Macrophage-Targeted Nano-Drug Delivery System to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy of Antitubercular Agents
This study aims to develop and optimize a macrophage-targeted nanoformulation to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of antitubercular drugs. A Box–Behnken statistical design was applied to optimize formulation variables for achieving suitable particle size, high drug entrapment, and controlled drug release. The optimized formulation showed good correlation between predicted and experimental results, indicating reliable model performance. In-vitro investigations demonstrated sustained drug release governed mainly by diffusion mechanisms, while cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies confirmed good biocompatibility and efficient macrophage uptake. In-vivo studies further indicated improved pharmacokinetic behavior, enhanced bioavailability, and lower hepatotoxicity compared with the free drug. These findings suggest that the developed nanoformulation could serve as a promising strategy for targeted and safer tuberculosis therapy
Abdullah Shaikh Farooque, Dr.Chainesh Shah, Dr.Shahzad Ahmed Abdul Razzaque
A Study on Harnessing Photosensitive Materials for Next-Generation Solar Cells: Innovations in Sustainable Electrical Energy Generation
The global demand for sustainable energy has intensified research into advanced photovoltaic technologies. Photosensitive materials play a central role in next-generation solar cells, enabling efficient conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy. Innovations in materials such as perovskites, organic polymers, and quantum dots have significantly improved photovoltaic efficiency while reducing manufacturing costs. These materials possess unique optoelectronic properties, including tunable bandgaps, enhanced light absorption, and flexible fabrication capabilities. Their integration into photovoltaic systems presents new opportunities for sustainable electrical energy generation and reduced dependence on fossil fuels (Nelson, 2003). Recent research highlights the importance of optimizing photosensitive materials for higher stability, scalability, and environmental compatibility. Despite remarkable improvements in power conversion efficiency, challenges such as material degradation, toxicity, and large-scale production remain. This study explores recent innovations in photosensitive materials and evaluates their potential in developing next-generation solar cells. The research also investigates technological advancements that can enhance energy efficiency and support the transition toward sustainable energy systems (Green, 2019).
Women, Lineage, and Power: A Study of Dynastic Authority in Kavita Kane’s The Fisher Queen’s Dynasty
The rewriting of mythological narratives from women’s perspectives has emerged as a significant literary and political intervention in contemporary Indian English literature. Kavita Kane’s The Fisher Queen’s Dynasty (2017) exemplifies this trend by reimagining The Mahabharata through the marginalized voices of women whose contributions to dynastic history have been widely neglected. This research paper examines the interconnected themes of women, lineage, and power in Kane’s novel, focusing on how dynastic authority is constructed, sustained, and negotiated through female agency rather than masculine heroism alone. Drawing upon feminist literary criticism, intersectional theory, and mythological revisionism, the study argues that Kane challenges patriarchal historiography by repositioning women particularly Satyavati as architects of lineage and political continuity. By foregrounding motherhood, caste, silence, and negotiation as central mechanisms of power, The Fisher Queen’s Dynasty redefines authority as a feminine, ethical, and strategic force. This paper contributes to feminist scholarship by situating Kane’s work within the broader discourse of revisionist mythology and women’s historiography in India.
An Analytical Study of the Relationship between Hindu Law and Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution
Hindu law, which is one of the oldest legal systems in the world, traditionally regulated different matters in the personal life, including marriage, inheritance, adoption among other things, among Hindu people in India. By the acceptance of the Indian Constitution in 1950, a novel constitutional structure founded on equality, liberty, justice and secularism came into the scene and thus this played a crucial role in the formulation and interpretation of personal laws. This paper analytically looks at the connection between the Hindu law and the Fundamental Rights ensured by the Constitution of India. The study examines how the old norms and practices under the Hindu law have been amended and statuted through the law like the Hindu Marriage Act 1955, the Hindu Succession Act 1956, the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956 and the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act 1956. The paper also examines the ways in which constitutional values especially Articles 14, 15, 19, 21 and 25 have influenced the meaning and development of Hindu personal law to ensure social justice and gender equality. The paper also identifies the judiciary in the balancing of personal law and that of the constitution through the review of legal cases and legislative changes. The research also provides that even though Hindu law still has its cultural and religious underpinning, it has been transformed significantly so as to conform to the constitutional vision of equality, dignity and protection of the human rights. This changing association indicates the dynamism of Indian legal practices in the balance between the autonomy and constitutional supremacy of religion.
A Framework for Building Essential Life Skills Preparing Students for Real-World Challenges
Essential life skills represent a critical dimension of contemporary education, equipping students with the cognitive, emotional, behavioural, social, and adaptive capacities necessary to navigate the complex demands of modern society, emerging adulthood, workplace environments, interpersonal relationships, and rapidly changing global realities. This review paper examines a comprehensive framework for building essential life skills in school settings, drawing upon interdisciplinary research in developmental psychology, social learning theory, competency-based education, decision-making science, emotional intelligence studies, resilience development, behavioural adaptation, and experiential learning models. The paper explores how structured school-based learning activities strengthen life skills such as problem-solving, decision-making, communication competence, emotional regulation, self-management, adaptability, resilience, collaboration, ethical reasoning, financial awareness, and responsible citizenship, demonstrating that life skills are not innate traits but learned capacities shaped through intentional educational design and guided developmental experience. The review further highlights that life skills education is most effective when embedded across curriculum areas, supported through experiential environments, scaffolded through reflective practice, aligned with socio-emotional development, and reinforced through real-world application. The findings affirm that schools must adopt integrated frameworks that prepare students for the challenges of adulthood, societal participation, economic independence, and personal well-being, concluding with implications for curriculum reform, instructional practice, policy design, assessment innovation, and future research directions in life skills education.
Medical Image Denoising Based on Implementing Multi-Resolution Threshold Technique
Medical image denoising is critical for accurate diagnosis and quantitative analysis, yet preserving fine anatomical detail while suppressing noise remains challenging. This paper proposes a multi-resolution thresholding (MRT) technique for medical image denoising that combines discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based decomposition with adaptive, scale-aware threshold selection and a post-processing spatial regularization step. The input image is decomposed into multiple resolution sub bands using a suitable orthogonal wavelet (e.g., Daubechies or Symlet), separating high-frequency noise components from low-frequency structural content. For each detail sub band, thresholds are determined adaptively using a hybrid criterion that blends robust noise estimation (median absolute deviation) with local signal activity measures, enabling preservation of edges and fine textures in anatomically important regions. Both soft and semi-soft thresholding rules are explored to reduce visual artifacts and Gibbs-like distortions. After inverse wavelet reconstruction, a multi-scale bilateral filter is applied selectively to remaining residuals to further suppress speckle and salt-and-pepper noise while conserving boundaries. The proposed MRT framework is evaluated on MRI and CT datasets corrupted with synthetic Gaussian and real-world noise. Quantitative results show consistent improvements in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE) compared to classical denoising methods (Wiener, anisotropic diffusion) and several baseline wavelet-thresholding schemes, while visual assessment confirms superior edge preservation and lesion conspicuity. Computational complexity is modest and compatible with near real-time preprocessing on modern CPUs; the method also scales to 3D volumes by applying separable 3D wavelet transforms. MRT is therefore a practical, effective approach for clinical imaging pipelines where maintaining diagnostic features is essential.
Impact of Financial Literacy on Stock and Mutual Fund Investment Decisions
It is the energy of the financial market and the consequent increase of expectation of good investment skills especially in stock and mutual funds investment by individual investors. Financial literacy and its effect on stock and mutual fund investment decision is evaluated in terms of risk perception of investors, investor confidence and demographic differences in the present research paper. The research design is the quantitative study or descriptive and analytical research which is dedicated to measuring the level of financial literacy of stock and mutual funds investors, the behavior and preferences in investment and finding the correlation between the level of financial literacy and the decision to invest. The use of structured questionnaire was used to collect primary information, which was to study 384 conventional individual investors, and secondary data was collected through published literature and reports. These independent variable was considered financial literacy and the dependent variables were considered the mutual fund and stock investment. The data were analysed with the help of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis and ANOVA (5 level of significance). The findings of the study show that moderate-high financial literacy with regard to the respondents with basic financial literacy is greater than the advanced financial literacy. It has been observed that the financial literacy and stock investment decisions has a strong relationship (0.642, p < 0.05) and the regression analysis has revealed that the effects of financial literacy on stock investment decisions of mutual funds is strong (0.581, p < 0.05). Risk perception among investors also depends greatly on financial literacy and it was observed that the gap in risk perception between investors of varying education levels was also considerably high. The results also indicate that financial literacy is applicable in quality and informed decision as far investments are concerned.
An Empirical Study of Financial Behaviour and Investment Decisions among Working Women
This study focuses on understanding the financial behaviour and investment decisions of working women. In recent years, more women are joining the workforce and becoming financially independent. Because of this, their role in saving and investment planning has become very important. The study mainly examines how different factors such as financial knowledge, risk-taking ability, income level, and personal behaviour influence the investment decisions of working women. For this purpose, primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from working women. Simple statistical tools were used to analyse the data and understand the relationship between financial behaviour and investment decisions. The results show that most working women prefer safe and secure investment options. Their decisions are also influenced by financial awareness, emotions, and social factors like family and peers. The study suggests that improving financial literacy among women can help them make better and more confident investment decisions.
Prof. Dr. Surendra N. Patole,Dr. Archana M. Pandagale
English Literature in University Education: As a Subject and Language Tool.
The teaching of English literature at the university level has undergone significant transformation, particularly in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. This paper examines the three principal approaches to literature teaching: literature as a cultural and academic discipline, literature as a subject of stylistic and linguistic analysis, and literature as a resource for language acquisition. By critically analyzing these approaches, the study highlights their pedagogical implications, advantages, and limitations.Itargues for an integrated model that bridges the gap between language and literature, especially in EFL environments where linguistic competence and literary understanding must develop simultaneously. Traditionally perceived as a prestigious academic discipline, literature has often been taught through conventional, teacher-centered methodologies that emphasize historical, cultural, and critical interpretations. However, contemporary pedagogical discourse has re-evaluated its role, identifying multiple purposes that extend beyond literary appreciation. The paper concludes by offering practical recommendations for curriculum design and instructional strategies that align with modern educational needs.